![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() The clergy . The church wielded enormous power, since it had monopolized knowledge and even kings were crowned by emissaries of the Pope. The church also possessed a moral and spiritual power with a real impact on society, with organizations like the Inquisition exercising punishments and decisions.The peasantry . The poor and working people, who did not have major properties and who constituted the bottom rung of the pyramid, worked for their respective feudal lords.In the feudal model there were three social classes, with marked inequality: The peasants who worked for him lived there and with whom the feudal lord shared the fruit of his labor , in exchange for military protection and order. The feudal system or feudalism was the prevailing model during the Middle Ages, and consisted of the political-territorial organization of Europe into small kingdoms called fiefdoms (extensions of land granted by the king to names), in which the landowner or landowner had full power. In the feudal model there were the peasantry, the clergy and the nobility. Low Middle Ages (from the 12th to the 15th century) . During this second part the feudal system expands, there are reforms and innovations in religion, politics and philosophy , and above all the crusades or holy warsare carried out, in which Christianity tried to regain control of Jerusalem and the holy land. In this period the scholasticism , the Gregorian reform and the monastic reformsoriginated, as well as the emergence of the university and the bourgeoisie, a social class that would have a revolutionary impact in the West from the Renaissance on. In the 14th century, poor harvests and outbreaks of plague and other diseases led to an unprecedented demographic collapse.High Middle Ages (approximately from the 5th to the 11th century) . It is the initial period of the Middle Ages. During these six centuries the Roman world was transformed and the different Greco-Latin kingdoms into which the Western Roman Empire was dissolved became Christian kingdoms, a prelude to what would later become countries. The feudal model of society and the power of the Pope are imposed on the West, in direct confrontation with the Byzantine Empire . During this period the expansion of Islam occurs, the attempt to reunify the Roman Empire by the Byzantine king Justinian, and the rise and fall of the Carolingian Empire of the Frankish kings Pepin the Short and Charlemagne, among other relevant political events.In the High Middle Ages the power of the Pope predominated over the West. This also explains the feeling of obscurantism with which this period is often associated. This is partly due to the fact that during the Middle Ages the European Christian civilization was closed to the rest of the world , losing contact with the surrounding regions despite the fact that these were often culturally rich and prosperous, like the Islamic nations or those of the rest of the Old World, or not to mention the pre-Columbian American women. We cannot speak of the Middle Ages except within the framework of Western culture, so this term does not apply to the study of Africa , Asia or America , but is limited to Europe and, at most, the Middle East . Today it is known that the Middle Ages was a long and complex period, difficult to summarize or to understand uniformly , with its gains and losses in cultural, scientific and political matters. It lasted for almost ten centuries during which religious wars and confrontations were common, especially against Arab cultures and Islam , as well as the implantation of a very rigid and despotic caste system called the feudal system. This earned it the nickname of the Obscurantismo or the Dark Ages, contrasting it with the splendor of the previous Greco-Roman era or the later Italian Renaissance. Therefore, it constitutes an intermediate period between the Ancient Age and the Renaissance and the Modern Age , traditionally considered as a period of obscurantism, a decline in the arts , sciences and humanities and the absolute predominance of the Christian faith as the only doctrine of thought. The Middle Ages is the historical period in the West between the Ancient Ages , (which ended with the disintegration of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century) and the Modern Age (which began for some after the discovery of America, in 1492 and for others after the fall of Constantinople in 1453). We explain what the Middle Ages is, what was the origin and the stages of this period. In addition, its main characteristics and how it ended. ![]()
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